FreeBSD 13.2 Ports
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In FreeBSD, the Ports Collection is a comprehensive framework for installing and managing third-party applications. To install and update the Ports tree, follow these steps:
Install the Ports tree
If you haven't installed the Ports tree during the FreeBSD installation, you can do it using the portsnap utility. First, fetch the latest snapshot of the Ports tree:
portsnap fetch
After fetching the snapshot, extract it to /usr/ports:
portsnap extract
- Note: can also be done on one line:
portsnap fetch extract
- Note: can also be done on one line:
Update the Ports tree
To update the Ports tree, first fetch the latest updates using portsnap:
portsnap fetch
Then, apply the updates to your local Ports tree:
portsnap update
That's it! Now your Ports tree is up-to-date.
(Optional) Automate Ports tree updates
If you want to automate the process of updating the Ports tree, you can create a simple cron job. First, open the root user's crontab:
crontab -e
Add the following line to update the Ports tree daily at 3:30 AM:
30 3 * * * /usr/sbin/portsnap -I cron update
Save and exit the editor. The Ports tree will now be updated automatically every day at the specified time.
Remember that updating the Ports tree only updates the available ports; it does not update the installed applications themselves. To update your installed applications, you need to use tools like portmaster or portupgrade.
Example - walk through
Install sudo with insults enabled/configured
Why sudo with insults enabled? Because life must be enjoyed!
First, change your working directory to the sudo port directory in the ports tree:
cd /usr/ports/security/sudo
Enable the INSULTS option
To enable the insults feature in sudo, you'll need to customize the port's options. Run the following command:
make config
This will open a text-based interface showing a list of options for the sudo port. Look for the "INSULTS" option, which should be unchecked by default. Use the arrow keys to highlight "INSULTS" and press the spacebar to enable it (an asterisk (*) will appear next to it). After that, press 'Enter' to save the configuration and exit.
Build and install sudo
Now that you've enabled the INSULTS option, you can build and install the sudo port by running:
make install clean
This command will compile sudo with the specified options and install it on your system. The process may take a few minutes, depending on your system's resources.
Configure sudo
After installing sudo, you need to configure it by editing the sudoers file. To do this safely, use the visudo command, which will open the sudoers file in your default text editor: Warning default $EDITOR will be vi Learn Basic vi first!
visudo
In the sudoers file, look for the line that defines user privilege specifications. It should look like this:
root ALL=(ALL) ALL
To grant your user account sudo privileges, add a new line with your username and the same format, replacing 'username' with your actual username:
username ALL=(ALL) ALL
Save the file and exit the text editor.
Test sudo with insults
To test your newly installed sudo with insults enabled, try running a command that requires root privileges. For example:
sudo ls /root
- If you enter an incorrect password, sudo should now respond with a random insult instead of the standard error message.
Congratulations! You've successfully installed sudo with insults enabled from FreeBSD 13.2 ports. Enjoy the amusing responses whenever you mistype your password.